Empirical Detection of Turbid and Clear Water Using Space-Borne Sentinel-2 Case Study: Sefidrud Dam

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

• Masoomeh Rasoolian ¹
• Taher Safarrad ²
• Mohammad Akbarinasab ³
• Nadia Talebpoor ¹

¹ MSc student of marine physics, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Mazandaran University, Babolsar

² Assistant Professor of Climatology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Mazandaran University, Babolsar

³ Assistant Professor of Marine Physics, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Mazandaran University, Babolsar

Abstract

The effects of clear and turbid water on the contribution of prefitons, which play an important role in aquatic nutrition and in the treatment of contaminated waters, are very important in a way that is more abundant in clear waters than opaque waters. In this paper, using Sentinel-2 measuring images and using spectral properties of opaque and clear water, and emphasizing statistical quantities, they are to be detected in the Sefidrud Dam during two seasons (March 27 , 2017) and summer (September 13, 2017). In this regard, after applying the required preprocesses (geometric and radiometer correction), by examining the spectral behavior curve of these two phenomena as well as the OIF index, optimal color combinations were detected by the test and error method. Accordingly, the most suitable color combination contains the largest amount of information for the spring, the color combination (a4,8,8) and for the summer, the color combination (8.1, a8) was determined. On the other hand, using the spectral-velocity study of opaque and clear water, within the range of 4/0 – 87/0 μm (bands 1 through a8), these two phenomena are well-differentiated from each other and other phenomena. Therefore, the NDVI index, which examines the standardized difference of the near-infrared spectral range (band 8) and visible red (band 4), was considered for revealing cloudy and transparent water, and eventually, by applying thresholds on it, Cloudy and clear water was distinguished from each other.

Keywords

• Turbid and clear water
• Optimum Factor Index
• NDVI
• sentinel-2 satellite
• Sefidrud Dam

20.1001.1.20086377.1398.12.43.8.0

---

References

1)       Ba aghideh , M. and Ziaian, p. 2011. Investigation of the Use of NDVI Vegetation Index in Isfahan Province Drought Analysis. J. Geographical studies of dry area. 4: 1- 16. (In Persian).

2)       Cengiz, O., Sener, E. and Yagmurlu, F. 2006. A satellite image approach to the study of lineaments, ‎circular structures and regional geology in the Golcuk Crater district and its environs (Isparta, ‎SW Turkey). Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 27: 155-163.‎

3)       Chamoun, S., De Cesare, G. and Schleiss, A. J. 2016. Managing reservoir sedimentation by venting ‎turbidity currents: A review. International Journal of Sediment Research. 31:195-204.‎

4)       de Souza, J. S., Kizys, M. M. L., da Conceição, R. R., Glebocki, G., Romano, R. M., Ortiga-‎Carvalho, T. M. and Chiamolera, M. I. 2017. Perinatal exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide ‎alters the thyrotrophic axis and causes thyroid hormone homeostasis imbalance in male rats. ‎Toxicology. 377: 25-37.‎

5)       Ezatabadi Pour, H. 2017. Introducing Sentinel Satellite Images 2. Third National ‎Conference on Recent Innovations in Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban ‎Development. 1-8. (In Persian).‎

6)       Fan, J. and Morris, G. L. 1992. Reservoir sedimentation. II: Reservoir desiltation and long-term ‎storage capacity. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. 118: 370-384.‎

7)       Fatemi, B. and Rezaei, Y. 2014. Basics of Remote Sensing. Azadeh Publisher. 1-296. (In Persian).‎

8)       Fazel Dehkord, L., Azarnivand, H., Zare Chahouki, M.A. and Mahmoudi Kohan, F. 2016. Drought ‎Monitoring Using Vegetation Index (NDVI) (Case study: Rangelands of Ilam Province). ‎JOURNAL OF RANGE AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT. 69: 141-154. (In Persian).‎

9)       Garcia, M. and Parker, G. 1993. Experiments on the entrainment of sediment into suspension by a ‎dense bottom current. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 98: 4793-4807.‎

10)   Ha, N. T. T., Thao, N. T. P. Koike, K. and  Nhuan, M. T., 2017. Selecting the best band ‎ratio to estimate chlorophyll-a concentration in a tropical freshwater lake using sentinel ‎‎2a images from a case study of lake ba be (northern vietnam). ISPRS International ‎Journal of Geo-Information. 6:290.‎

11)   Hosseini Hamid, M., Akbari Nasab, M. and Safarrad, T. 2016. The Calculation of the Optimum ‎Index Factor for Monitoring Water Resources pollution using Satellite Images: A Case Study of ‎the Oman sea. Hydrophysics. 2: 35-45. (In Persian).‎

12)   ‎  Khosronejad, A. 2008. Numerical Simulation of Sefid Rud Dam Reservoir Deposition ‎Using Pressure Chassis Operation. J.   Hydraulics. 3: 71-77. (In Persian).‎

13)   Liu, H., Li, Q., Shi, T., Hu, S., Wu, G. and Zhou, Q. 2017. Application of sentinel 2 MSI ‎images to retrieve suspended particulate matter concentrations in Poyang Lake. ‎Remote Sensing. 9: 761.‎

14)   Maleki, M., Rahmati. M. and Javan, F. 2015. Assessing the Role of Dam Building in Agricultural ‎Development Using Remote Sensing (Case Study of Gavshan and Suleiman Shah Dam). ‎National Conference on the Application of Advanced Spatial Analysis Models (Remote Sensing ‎and GIS) to Land Preparation. 1-10. (In Persian).‎

15)   Meaden, G. J. 1991. Geographical information systems and remote sensing in inland ‎fisheries and aquaculture. (No. F009. 048). Fao.‎

16)   Melo Lins, R. P., Ovruski de Ceballos, B. S., Lopez, S., Carlos, L. and Gomes Barbosa, ‎L. 2017. Phytoplankton functional groups in a tropical reservoir in the Brazilian ‎semiarid region. Revista de Biología Tropical. 65: 1129-1141.‎

17)   Mool, P. K., Wangda, D., Bajracharya, S. R., Kunzang, K. A. R. M. A., Gurung, D. R. ‎and Joshi, S. P. 2001. Inventory of glaciers, glacial lakes and glacial lake outburst ‎floods. Monitoring and early warning systems in the Hindu Kush-Himalayan Region: ‎Bhutan. Inventory of glaciers, glacial lakes and glacial lake outburst floods. ‎Monitoring and early warning systems in the Hindu Kush-Himalayan Region: Bhutan. ‎

18)   Pizarro, H., Vera, M. S., Vinocur, A., Pérez, G., Ferraro, M., Helman, R. M. and Dos Santos ‎Afonso, M. 2016. Glyphosate input modifies microbial community structure in clear and turbid ‎freshwater systems. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 23: 5143-5153.‎

19)   Pourafrasiabi, M. and Ramzanpour, Z. 2012. Investigation of phytoplankton as an indicator ‎of pollution in aquatic ecosystems. The 5th Specialized Conference on Environmental ‎Engineering. 1-9. (In Persian).‎

20)   Rasti, M., Nabavi, M. Jafarzadeh, N. and Mobed, P. 2008. Study on Algal Flora of ‎Periphyton Communities and in Relationship to Type of Substrate in Gargar River. ‎Journal of Environmental studies. 46: 1-8. (In Persian).‎

21)   SAMAEI, M., Afshar, A. and GHARAVI, M. 2005. SYSTEM DYNAMICS MODELING ‎OF PHYTOPLANKTON AND ZOOPLANKTON IN RESERVOIRS.   Water and ‎Wastewater. 15: 47-55. (In Persian).‎

22)   Sánchez, M. L., Rodríguez, P., Torremorell, A. M., Izaguirre, I., & Pizarro, H. 2017. Phytoplankton ‎and periphyton primary production in clear and turbid shallow lakes: influence of the light ‎environment on the interactions between these communities. Wetlands. 37: 67-77.‎

23)   Shaloui, F. and Shahini Shamsabadi, Z. 2017. Population diversity and distribution of ‎peritonitis in Beheshtabad River in spring. First National Conference on Natural ‎Resources and Sustainable Development in Central Zagros. 1-9. (In Persian).‎

24)   Sumantyo, S. and Tetuko, J. 2017. Assessment of Multi-Temporal Image Fusion for Remote Sensing ‎Application. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information ‎Technology. 7: 778-784.‎

25)   Sundin, J., Aronsen, T., Rosenqvist, G. and Berglund, A. 2017. Sex in murky waters: algal-induced ‎turbidity increases sexual selection in pipefish. Behavioral ecology and sociobiology. 71: 78.‎

26)   Torkmanzad, N., Mohammadnejad, B. and Bahmanesh, J. 2015. The Characteristics of the ‎Paper The Impact of Lower Dam Discharge Valves Opening on Outflow of Mud Flows ‎‎(Case Study: Sefidrood Dam). Journal of Tabriz University of Civil and Environmental ‎Engineering. 74: 1-18. (In Persian).‎

27)   Townsend, M., Peck, C., Meng, W., Heaton, M., Robison, R. and O'Neill, K. 2017. Evaluation of ‎various glyphosate concentrations on DNA damage in human Raji cells and its impact on ‎cytotoxicity. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 85: 79-85.‎

28)   Van Rompaey, A. J., Govers, G. and Puttemans, C. 2002. Modelling land use changes and ‎their impact on soil erosion and sediment supply to rivers. Earth surface processes and ‎landforms. 27: 481-494.‎