تضاد آب و راهبردهای مدیریت آن در بین استفاده‌کنندگان از چاه‌های آب مشترک: مورد مطالعه کشاورزان شهرستان‌ بهار در استان همدان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده مدیریت کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد رشته توسعه کشاورزی، دانشکده مدیریت کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

3 دانشیار توسعه روستایی، دانشکده مدیریت کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: اگرچه تنش بر سر آب افزایش یافته است، اما احتمال بروز تضاد درباره منابع آب مشترک بیشتر است. تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی تضاد آب و روش­های مدیریت آن در بین کشاورزان انجام گرفت.
روش­: این تحقیق با روش توصیفی-پیمایشی انجام شد. ابزار جمع­آوری داده­ها، پرسشنامه بود که روایی آن با مراجعه به اساتید دانشگاه تأئید گردید. جمعیت موردمطالعه، کشاورزان شهرستان بهار در استان همدان بودند که از چاه­های آب مشترک برای تأمین آب کشاورزی استفاده می­­کردند. با استفاده از فرمول کوکران، حجم نمونه برابر 214 نفر برآورد گردید که با روش نمونه­گیری ساده تصادفی انتخاب شدند.
یافته­ها: یافته­های پژوهش نشان داد در دامنه امتیاز 1 تا 5، "خشکسالی" و "افزایش تعداد کشاورزان" به ترتیب با میانگین 56/3 و 45/3، از دلایل اصلی ایجاد تضاد آب کشاورزی می­باشند. همچنین اولویت­ روش­های کاهش تضاد آب مربوط به مشارکت کشاورزان در مدیریت آب چاه­­های کشاورزی و مذاکره با آنان پیرامون آب بود. نتایج نشان داد در مقیاس با دامنه 13 تا 65، تضاد ادراک‌شده پیرامون آب کشاورزی با میانگین 51/38 در حد متوسط بود و با افزایش فاصله مزرعه از چاه آب، مساحت زمین کشاورزی اجاره­ای و همچنین درآمد سالانه از فعالیت­های غیر کشاورزی، ادراک و احساس کشاورزان از تضاد آب کشاورزی افزایش می­یافت. در مقابل، با افزایش مساحت زمین کشاورزی ملکی و میزان درآمد حاصل از کشاورزی، ادراک و احساس کشاورزان از تضاد آب کشاورزی کمتر می­شد. بیشترین استفاده کشاورزان برای مدیریت تضاد آب از راهبرد «کنترل» بود. از این نظر، راهبرد «راه­حل­گرایی» و راهبرد «عدم مقابله» به ترتیب در اولویت­های بعدی قرار داشتند.
نتیجه­گیری: لازم است سیاست­های مناسب برای محافظت از کشاورزان در هنگام خشکسالی به منظور کاهش تضاد آب دنبال شود. کسب درآمد از طریق فعالیت­های غیرکشاورزی به تنهایی نمی­تواند ادراک کشاورزان از تضاد آب را کاهش دهد و افزایش درآمد کشاورزان از کشاورزی برای کاهش تضاد آب مورد نیاز است. برگزاری جلسات گفتگو و تعامل بین کشاورزان می­تواند به تحلیل دلایل تضاد آب کشاورزی و یافتن روش­های مناسب برای کاهش آن کمک نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Water Conflict and Its Management Strategies Among Users of Shared Water Wells: The Case Study of Farmers in Bahar County of Hamadan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ahmad Abedi Sarvestani 1
  • Naser Ezzati Sarvary 2
  • Gholam Hossein Abdollahzadeh 3
1 Associate Prof. of Agricultural Extension and Education, College of Agricultural Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 Former MSc Student of Agricultural Development, College of Agricultural Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
3 Associate Prof. of Rural Development, College of Agricultural Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction:Water conflict is a major challenge that, if left unmanaged, will become a security issue. Although tensions over water have increased, conflicts over shared water resources are more likely to happen. The study aimed to investigate water conflict and its management strategies among farmers.
Methods:The descriptive-survey research method was used. The data-gathering tool was the questionnaire, which its validity was verified through face validity. The study population included farmers who used shared water wells to provide water for agriculture (N=478). Using Cochran's formula, the sample size was 214 farmers who were selected by the simple random sampling method. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.
Findings: The results showed that “drought” and “increasing number of farmers”, with an average score of 3.56 and 3.45 respectively on a scale of 1 to 5, are considered as the main causes of agricultural water conflict. From the farmers’ view, the priority for reducing water conflicts was the participation of farmers in managing water wells and negotiating with farmers around the water. On a scale of 13 to 65 with an average of 38.51, the perceived agricultural water conflict was at the medium level. By increasing farm distance from the well, area of agricultural rental land, and annual income from non-agricultural activities, the perception of agricultural water conflict increased. However, by increasing owned agricultural land area and agricultural income, the perception of agricultural water conflict decreased. The main strategy used by farmers to manage agricultural water conflict was “control”, in which coercion and force are used to manage conflict. The “problem-solving” and “avoidance” strategies were the second and third priorities respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Agriculture
  • Water well
  • Conflict perception
  • Conflict management
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